5 groups. On the test Mon. About 80 diseases that we are going to need to classify
Final – 140 questions and an essay. 150pts
- • “Immunology” handout
- o immunodeficiency – cant respond to the antigen. Burton’s disease, DiGeorge syndrome, SCID (sever combined immunodeficiency disease) – food must be autoclaved.
- o Secondaray immunodeficiency diseases
- • AID’s
- o From ummunoppressive agents
- • Irradiation
- • Severe burns
- o Auto-immune diseases - Respond to your own antigens
- • Systemic Lupus Eritomas (SLE) – lupus. You respond to some of your own antigens
- • Rheumatoid arthritis
- • Type I, Type II diabetes
- • MS
- • Rheumatic fever
- • Interleukin-2 (lymphokine, T cell product, CD4 +’s)
- o 1 lymphokine affects b cells (responsible for antibody’s imunoglobulins). Helps with the proliferation of T cells.
- o NK’s – natural killers. They are immune surveillance. They go through the body looking for things such as cancer cells (which have unique antigens).
- • Type I hypersensitivity
- o Response to pollen is caused by IgE. It causes the degranulation of the mast cells.
- • Soil
- o Urea to ammonia by the organism protease (ammonification)
- o Nitrates – solid fertilizers
- o Nitrogen fixation – rhizobium and legumes (symbiotic)
- • Azotobacter and Klebsiella can do fix Nitrogen by themselves
- • Bacterial photosynthesis – don’t have to know it
- • Food poisoning and Water poisoning
- o Don’t see milk borne diseases due to pasturization
- o salmonella food poisoning
- o fecal organisms
- • enterococcus fecaelis
- • e coli
- o botulism – poorly canned foods
- • food intoxication
- o enterotoxin like staph aereus (fast acting food poisening)
- o Botulism – get it from homemade canning
- o Perfringens – associated with turkey
- o e. coli o157: H7
- • water purification
- o Aluminum Potassium Sulfate – a protein precipitate. Mix it up let it coagulate and take the water off the top. It is then run through a sand filter. Microorganisms like to attach to the sand. From there chlorine is added. In places where this filtration process is worse they tend to add more chlorine.
- • Sewage Treatment
- o Use organisms to break down organic to inorganic substances
- o aeration tanks
- • zoogloea ramigera
- o From the aeration tanks it is essentially the same process as water purification
- • Bacterial Food Poisoning
- o Staph aureus – custard and cream filled pastries and mayonnaise (projectile vomit)
- o Clostridium perfringens - reheated meat like turkey
- o Salmonella – poultry and eggs
- o Clostridium botulism – turns things black. The exotoxin of clostridium is heat labile
- • Exotoxins that are harmful
- o Tetnus
- o Salmonella typhi
- o Botulism
- o Neisserhea meningitidis
