Lecture 11, 10/1; Lab Media, Classification

Listen to today's lecture here.

• Microbes in the news
• Ebola – sweeping through the Congo
• Naegleria fowleri – its in the news. Usually diagnosed in autopsies. It is a brain eating amoeba. On protozoan sheet.
• Dengue Fever -Sweeping through the Caribbean. It is viral and has a mosquito vector
• • Media (more info on handout from 10-1)
• Blood Agar – for fastidious organisms, for those that require a lot of nutrients
• MacConkey agar – for gram (-) rods. E. coli grows on it well.
• Eosin methylene blue – for gram negative rods. Gram (-) rods are the hard ones to identify. That is why there is different media used to identify them.
• SS agar – used to grow the big gram (-) enteric pathogens.
• Triple sugar iron agar – another medium for gram (-), good for differentiation of gram (-) organisms
• Mannitol salt agar – good for telling the two staph’s apart. Staphylococcus aureus medium. This organism is the one that Causes zits, food poisoning, pnemoniae, toxic shock syndrome, and the resistant strain MRSA.
• Litmus milk – used a little bit in the lab.
• • Growth curve (diagram on hadout from 10-1)
• “Ya better know it”
• • Generation times (more info on handout from 10-1)
• E. coli → fast, ideal for genetic engineering
• • 3 generations/hr
• Kochs bacillus (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) is a slow grower. Hits the AIDS patients.
• Yeast buds every two hours
• • Classification Sheet (handed out 9/21)
• Know the archae’s
• Manual of Systematic Bacteriology by Bergey – “The Bacteriologist Bible” --- possible extra credit question?
• Gracilicutes
• • Prokaryotes with thin cell walls, implying a gram-negative type of cell wall
• Firmicutes
• • Prokaryotes with thick and strong skin, indicating a gram (+) type of cell wall
• Tenericutes
• • Prokaryotes of a pliable and soft naure, indicating the lack of a rigid wall.
• Mendosicutes
• • Prokaryotes with faulty cell walls, suggesting the lack of conventional peptidoglycan.
• Aerobic/microaerophilic, motile, helical/vibrioid gram (-) bacteria (Section 2)
• • spirilum volutans – we saw it in lab. Has flagella at both ends. Usually free living.
• • Campylobacter jujunii – causes gastroenteritis. Upset stomach. It is a fecal organism. It has gull wings – two cells that come down. Strict oxygen requirements – microaerophilic.
• • Bdellovibrio – parasitic on e. coli
• gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci (Section 4)
• • Psudemonas aeruginosa – Tough to treat. Blue green puss.
• • Zoogloea – sewage treatment
• • Azotobacter – nitrogen fixer
• • Rhizobium – nitrogen fixer, symbiotic with legumes
• • Agrobacterium – genetic engineering
• • Halobacterium – grows in high salt
• • Acetobacter – Pasteur discovered, makes vinegar (more and more popular)
• • Legionalla – picked up on air conditioners and cooling towers.
• • Neisseria – clap, meningitis
• • Morexella – found in toddlers and old folks that continually rub there eyes → pink eye
• • Brucella – bioterrorism agents. Found in cattle.
• • Bordetalla – whooping cough
• • Francisella – rabbit fever. Tularemia.
• Facultatively Anaerobic Gram (-) rods (Section 5)
• • Escherichia
• • Shigella
• • Salmonella
• • Citrobacter
• • Klebsiella – not quite as pathogenic as the others
• • Entrobacter – associated with plants
• • Erwinia – associated with plants
• • Proteus – they swarm (go across the plate)
• • Morganella – related to proteus
• • Yersinia – the plague
• • Vibrio cholera - used to be called Vibrio comma. Gives us problems in water.
• • Photobacterium – gives off light. Uses same system as fireflies. Oxygen dependent. Usually found in ocean waters. Uses an enzyme called luciferase (?sp.?)
• • Pastuerella multocida – more common than rabies. Get it from a bite.
• • Haemophalis influenzae - Doesn’t cause the flu, the flu is a virus. This had been considered to cause it but as it turns out Haemophalis influenza actually kicks you while you are down with the flu.
• • Chromabacterium - purple pigment
• • Gardnerella - causes vaginitis it is a bacterial vaginitis which is in contrast to yeast vaginitis which is in contrast to protozoan vaginitis (trich)
• Anaerobic Gram (-) straight, curved and helical rods (section 6)
• • Bacteroides
• • Fusobacterium – pointed ends like an arrowhead. Causes trench mouth; real bad breath.
• Section 7
• • sulfides
• The Rickettsia and Chlamydias (Section 9)
• • Rickettsia – obligate intracellular parasites – typically have insect vector
• • Coxiella – q fever, bioterrorism agent, burnetii
• • Chlamydia trachomatis – STD, eye infection
• Mycoplasmids (section 10) - causes walking pnemoniea
• • ureaplasma – causes Urinary Tract Infection
• Gram positive cocci (section 12)
• • Micrococcus luteus – yellow and harmless (nonpathogenic)
• • Staphylococcus epidermidis – safe to work with
• • Staphylococcus aureus – more dangerous
• • Streptococcus pyogenes
• • Streptococcus lactis – responsible for sour milk
• • Enterococcus faecalis - comes from poop, it can be resistant, VRE.