- Review often (ideally after each class)
- Answer the questions on the lab demo's right after the lab, if at all possible.
- Do all the extra credit.
Wednesday, December 12, 2007
Final - the end!
We had the final for Microbiology today! IT is finished, we've made it to the end. I hope this sight has been helpful to all those trying to make the grade. For those of you that are taking Microbiology in the future here are my tips to you.
Friday, December 7, 2007
Lecture 34, 12/7; Purification
Audio available here.
5 groups. On the test Mon. About 80 diseases that we are going to need to classify
Final – 140 questions and an essay. 150pts
5 groups. On the test Mon. About 80 diseases that we are going to need to classify
Final – 140 questions and an essay. 150pts
- • “Immunology” handout
- o immunodeficiency – cant respond to the antigen. Burton’s disease, DiGeorge syndrome, SCID (sever combined immunodeficiency disease) – food must be autoclaved.
- o Secondaray immunodeficiency diseases
- • AID’s
- o From ummunoppressive agents
- • Irradiation
- • Severe burns
- o Auto-immune diseases - Respond to your own antigens
- • Systemic Lupus Eritomas (SLE) – lupus. You respond to some of your own antigens
- • Rheumatoid arthritis
- • Type I, Type II diabetes
- • MS
- • Rheumatic fever
- • Interleukin-2 (lymphokine, T cell product, CD4 +’s)
- o 1 lymphokine affects b cells (responsible for antibody’s imunoglobulins). Helps with the proliferation of T cells.
- o NK’s – natural killers. They are immune surveillance. They go through the body looking for things such as cancer cells (which have unique antigens).
- • Type I hypersensitivity
- o Response to pollen is caused by IgE. It causes the degranulation of the mast cells.
- • Soil
- o Urea to ammonia by the organism protease (ammonification)
- o Nitrates – solid fertilizers
- o Nitrogen fixation – rhizobium and legumes (symbiotic)
- • Azotobacter and Klebsiella can do fix Nitrogen by themselves
- • Bacterial photosynthesis – don’t have to know it
- • Food poisoning and Water poisoning
- o Don’t see milk borne diseases due to pasturization
- o salmonella food poisoning
- o fecal organisms
- • enterococcus fecaelis
- • e coli
- o botulism – poorly canned foods
- • food intoxication
- o enterotoxin like staph aereus (fast acting food poisening)
- o Botulism – get it from homemade canning
- o Perfringens – associated with turkey
- o e. coli o157: H7
- • water purification
- o Aluminum Potassium Sulfate – a protein precipitate. Mix it up let it coagulate and take the water off the top. It is then run through a sand filter. Microorganisms like to attach to the sand. From there chlorine is added. In places where this filtration process is worse they tend to add more chlorine.
- • Sewage Treatment
- o Use organisms to break down organic to inorganic substances
- o aeration tanks
- • zoogloea ramigera
- o From the aeration tanks it is essentially the same process as water purification
- • Bacterial Food Poisoning
- o Staph aureus – custard and cream filled pastries and mayonnaise (projectile vomit)
- o Clostridium perfringens - reheated meat like turkey
- o Salmonella – poultry and eggs
- o Clostridium botulism – turns things black. The exotoxin of clostridium is heat labile
- • Exotoxins that are harmful
- o Tetnus
- o Salmonella typhi
- o Botulism
- o Neisserhea meningitidis
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