Lecture 30, 11/28; Immunology

Here is the audio for today's lecture.

• Be sure to have your lab number on your write up of AIDS week
• Lab practical next teus. About 80minutes.
o 8 lab 2
o 10 lab 3
o 12 lab 4
o 2pm+4pm either lab 1+5

• • IMMUNOLOGY
• o Back of page 2 from handout from 11/28 “Immunology”
• o B cells are associated with plasms cells. Plasma cells produce all those antibodies. T cells tend to be regulatory in nature. We know cd4+. That is the cell that HIV likes. T-helper helps the B cells. HIV destroys the communication between these two cells.
• o Side notes: candida albicans (budding)– thrush
• • Toxoplasmosis – protozoan
• • Valley fever - fungal
• • PCP – fungal
• • Herpes – virus
• o Vaccines
• • Cowpox vaccine is given instead of smallpox. They share antigens
• • Engerix-b – recombinant vaccine
• • Handout from 11/26 “Infection and Disease” - definitions
• o Toxoids - diphtheria, tetanus
• o vaccine – simple suspensions of antigens. When given to an individual the production of antibodies is stimulated
• o virulence – capacity or ability to cause disease. Highly virulent organisms – rabies, ebola. Low virulence organism – candida albicans (must be given an opportunity to cause disease)
• o zoonosis – diseases of animals that can be transmitted to man. Example – Lyme, Anthrax. Fungal zoonosis – ringworm, microsporum canis. Protozoan zoonosis – taxoplasmosis gondii. Prion zoonosis – mad cow disease. Viral zoonosis – rabies. Most of our emerging diseases are zoonosis.
• o Nosocomial infections (from the hospital) – if you see puss it is either a staph or a strep. Bacteria that account for 70% of nosocomial infections (these are the main 4): E. coli → UTI, Staph aureus, enterococcus faecalis. pseudomonas aeruginosa – blue green puss
• • STAGES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE
• o Incubation period – time of exposure to time of symptoms
• o Prodromal stage – highly communicable, disease can spread easily at this stage.
• o Clinical stage – peak symptoms
• o Decline stage – first signs of recovery, could also become latent or hidden. Disease that does this → herpes. You are also are developing antibodies.
• o Convalescent stage – return to recovery
• • SUMMARY OF EVENTS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE
• o Portals of exit
• • Feces
• • Urine
• • Discharges from mouth and nose
• • Saliva – rabies, mononucleosis
• • Blood
• o Portals of entry: skin, respiratory