• Opening
o Monday – pass in AID’s Week reflection paper
o AID’s cases have been about 40 mil. For the first time AID’s has decreased.
o Autclave 121C, 15 psi, 15-30min
o Filtration
o Sab-dex=molds
o EMB, McKoncey – gram (-) rods
o 3:20 what azide does?
o Ent fecalis – always ferments – nothing oxidated
o 100 colonies on a plate → 10^5 → positive for UTI
- • Bacteria
- o Salmonella typhi – typhoid fever
- o Shigella dysenteriae - dysentarea
- o Vibrio cholerae - cholera
- o Campylobacter jejuni - gastroenteritis
- o Escherichia coli
- • protozoa
- o entamoeba histolytica – amoebic dysentary
- o giardia lamblia - giardiasis
- o cryptosporidium parvum - cryptosporidiosis
- • Viruses
- o Hepatitis A virus (HAV) – fecal, oral
- o Poliomyelitis virus (PMV) -
- o Coxsackie/Echo/Norwalk – Norro (cruis ship disease)
- • Bioremediation – pseudomonas
- • Sewage treatment – bacteria are involved here
- • Food poisoning
- • “Infectious Disease” handout – mode of transmission
- o Mode of Transmission
- o Contact infection – STD’s
- o Droplet infection
- o Phomites are inanimate objects.
- • Vectors
- o Insects that move the organism from one place to another. Ex. Flies, mechanical vector → cholera
- o Biological vectors – growth stage is in the vector. Lyme, malaria, west Nile.
- • Portal of entry
- o Elementary track
- o Mom → baby = vertical transfer. Ex. AID’s, psyphylis, genital herpes
- • If you’ve seen the antigen you’ve got antibodies.
- • Typhoid Mary – Salmonella typhi
- o Could have carried in gall bladder. Found in poop → no hand washing
- • Study pathogens from two standpoints: transmission, how does it cause the disease – virulence factors
- • Virulence factors – how do they cause disease
- o invading tissue – invasive factors OR
- o production of toxins – toxigenic factors
- • Capsule – inhibits phagocytosis
- o Strep pneumonae
- o Klebsiella pneumonae
- • Pillis
- o Neisseria gohnerrhea
- o Whooping cough – bordetella pertussis
- • Highly uronidase (the spreading factor) – sometimes its structure sometimes its enzyme or secretion. It is an enzyme that breaks down highly uronic acid (this is whats in tissue that holds cells together, if this is broken down the organism spreads through the tissue)
- o Usually think of staphs and streps
- • Coagulase – Coagulase positive → staph aureus.
- • Lukasiden – staphs and streps have a secretion that kills white cells. An accumulation of this dead white blood cells is puss.
- • Hemolysin – break down red blood cells. Alpha and Beta hemolysis can only be seen on blood agar. Alpha is incomplete, Beta is complete. Streptococcus pneumonae is an alpha. Strep pyogenes - complete hemolysis.
- • Toxins
- o Exotoxins – from some gram (+). More lethal.
- o Indotoxin – from gram (-)
- • High fever = gram (-) infection
- • Classical exotoxins
- o Corinii
- o Tetani
- o Botulinum
- • Staph aureus has an enterotoxin (under exotosin category). It affects the intestines. That enterotoxin is what causes staph food poisening.
- • Shigella dysentari (gram -) – has an endotoxin
- • Immunology
- o Resistance (much broader) vs immunity (specific antibodies for a disease)
- o Antigen – a substance, usually injected, producing protective proteins called antibodies. Vaccines are suspensions of antigens.
- o Immunoglobulin (Ig’s) – new name for antibodies (protective proteins that are formed in response to antigens).
- o An antigen has size - molecular weight of more than 10,000. It has to have chemical complexity. Proteins are very good antigens. Lipids → no . . . nucleic acids → no.
- o Lupus – your respond to your own DNA
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